The current geopolitical situation is unfolding in such a way that Russia, in its domestic and foreign policy, is focused on restoring traditionally close ties with the states of Central Asia. Interaction with these countries is systemic in nature, affecting both formal legal and socio-cultural aspects with deep historical roots, which determines the urgent need to study the experience of the federal construction of the Soviet state. The uniqueness of Soviet federalism lies in the possibility of combining both territorial and national, as well as ideological and organizational-legal aspects. Soviet federalism concentrated the most progressive features of the Western federal tradition and the innovative democratic idea of the right of nations to self-determination. These trends were very clearly manifested in the process of transformation of the status of the Kazakh ASUR and the Kyrgyz ASUR into union republics. Based on the analysis of archival documents, it is proved that the evolution of status was largely due to complex socio-economic processes associated with the transition from a nomadic to a sedentary lifestyle. The author's concept of the organizational and legal mechanism for the inclusion of the indigenous peoples of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan in the political and legal space of the Soviet Union is proposed.
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