The purpose of the work is to determine the organizational and legal foundations for countering professional crime in Russia at the end of the XVII - XVIII centuries as a new emerging criminal phenomenon. It was established that the organizational and legal measures to counter this type of crime in the period under study included increased punishment for the repeated commission of identical or homogeneous crimes of a mercenary or mercenary-violent orientation, the allocation of particularly dangerous criminals among other categories of offenders, the imposition of a ban on the commission of certain types of criminal activity that were most professionalized during the period under study, some other measures. The paper also presents conclusions about the general state of the system of countering emerging professional crime in Russia at the end of the XVII - XVIII centuries. The research methodology includes such methods as dialectical, logical, systemic, functional and some others.
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