Several problems are investigated, that involve measurement and analysis of the surface roughness. Problems of solid mechanics dealing with contact interaction, including effects of friction, and fracture are considered. It's shown that, in order to take into account the multi-scale nature of roughness, its measurements on different length scales are needed. Furthermore, use of the numerical spectral analysis is needed to get the universal parameter of the surface roughness on several length scales, specifically - the power spectral density. Some ideas on the applicability of the aforementioned methodology of surface roughness investigations to perform mathematical modeling in tribology and fractography are presented and illustrated. Some results of studying rubber surface roughness at several stages of wear and on fracture surfaces roughness of aviation structures are demonstrated. Prospects of application of such investigations to solve some other problems of solid mechanics are outlined.
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