The article deals with the creation of non-urban monasteries in the Vyatka province in the last quarter of the 16th and in the 17th centuries. The author analyzes the conditions when they were set up, identifies their initiators, shows the role of the economic factors, of the state and the secular communities in the process. There were many similarities in the establishment of non-urban monasteries in the Vyatka province and in the Great Perm, which was due to the importance of the Siberian tract and colonization processes. Proliferation of non-urban monasteries was also related to the revered icons and the establishment of the Great Perm and Vyatka diocese. While urban monasteries were exclusively «community-based», non-urban monasteries were almost always the result of personal initiative. The state, in spite of the desire to limit monastic estates, also supported new monasteries, since it was interested in the development of the sparsely populated region.
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