In this paper, an attempt is made to analyze the stages, specifics, geography of the formation of the Russian com- munities abroad and Russian-speaking society during the 20th century; to discover the quantitative and qualitative composition of the four emigration waves; to determine their distinctive features and behavioral paradigms. The most important problems for emigration representatives were adaptation to a new living environment and the need to protect their national identity. One of the most notable trends in emigration in the course of the 20th century is a change of mentality of the Russian ?migr?: from the mission of protecting the values of Russian self-identification to breaking away from these values and accelerated integration into the Western lifestyle.
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