The article discusses the myth of Orpheus that was rediscovered during the Renaissance period and the historical features of existence and rethinking of the image of the legendary ancient poet and theologian in later sociocultural contexts. Of the two plots of the myth, traditionally used by the authors of antiquity and the Renaissance, the myth of Orpheus and the Argonauts, and the forms of interpretation of this myth in the intellectual life of the Renaissance, are considered. For this purpose, an analysis of the works of ancient and Renaissance authors is carried out, on the basis of which the mythological images of Orpheus evolved into various kinds of historical archetypes. It was concluded that the myth of Orpheus and the Argonauts, unlike the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice, was interpreted by Renaissance authors not only in the form of moral allegories, but also as a powerful archetype of the civilization process in the history of mankind.
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