This publication is devoted to the history and historiography of the study of the first Mousterian monument discovered in Russia in 1879, the Volchiy Grot (the Crimean region). The main features and characteristics of the research periods are highlighted: the first one - propaedeutic (the last third of the 19th century), the second one - the main, practical-theoretical period (the first half of the 20th century), and the third one - the final, theoretical and practical period (1960s). A special focus is on the personalia of K.S. Merezhkovsky, O.N. Bader and N.O. Bader, and on the contribution of these scientists to the research of this problem. The scientific significance of the primitive monument is noted. It consists in its first position among the studies of the Paleolithic monuments of Russia and in its being a multi-layer monument, which is a determining factor for the development of the Crimean Moustier periodization and the refinement of the cultural-stratigraphic scale of the entire Crimean Paleolithic.
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