The article focuses on structural and semantic characteristics of modern Russian criminal aliases. The criteria for distinguishing aliases, nicknames and pseudonyms are described. The author singles out, analyzes and exemplifies “non-characterizing” criminal aliases derived from first names / patronymics / surnames and “characterizing” criminal aliases reflecting distinctive features of a person. Productive word-building patterns and lexico-semantic means for creating criminal aliases as well as specific features of their functioning are identified. Multifunctionality of criminal aliases performing the nominative, socio-identifying, differentiating, emotional, expressive, and accumulative functions is emphasized.
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