The purpose of the article is to analyze the organization and powers of the Orphan court in Nakhichevan-on-Don, as well as to determine its place in the general management system of the Armenian colony, founded by immigrants from the Crimea in 1779. The study, using traditional historical methods, made it possible to establish the subordinate position of the Orphan court to the magistrate and the mayor, the actual omnipotence, and irresponsibility of the mayor. For the first time, archival materials are introduced into scientific circulation - the “public sentence”, which established an Orphan court in 1812, approved its first members, determined its powers and procedures, as well as the Armenian Judicial, which has been used in Nakhichevan-on-Don since 1782. Senator M.N. Zhemchuzhnikov’s evaluation of the Nakhchivan orphan court and the reforms proposed by him show the desire of senior officials to establish a unified system of governance and court in Russia under imperial law. In Nakhichevan-on-Don, this process dragged on until the end of the 1860s.
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