This paper considers the dependence of the image of the Nile in Roman literature on the historical events of the end of the I century BC. It is noted that view of the Nile was contradictory: on the one hand, the Nile becomes an exotic space, which in turn is part of an imaginary (fantasy) Egypt that admired the Romans, on the other hand, within the framework of the new imperial ideology, the Nile is personified with the worst enemy of Rome - Cleopatra, becoming a warlike principle that threatens Rome. The author comes to the conclusion that the Roman authors perceive the geographical space of the Nile indirectly, i.e. based rather not on personal impressions from the contemplation of the surrounding world, but based on a certain literary and political (ideological) «basis». During the period under study, especially at the end of the I century BC. - the beginning of the I century AD, this trend clearly prevails.
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