The article is devoted to the contribution of Soviet historians to the study of the socio-political crisis of China in the second - third centuries AD. Discussions about the type of formation of Chinese society under Eastern Han, Three Kingdoms and Western Jin are analyzed. The importance of the problem of military settlements and allotment system as key issues in the socio-economic history of China, considered by Soviet historians, is substantiated. Attention is paid to the first attempts to write the ethnic history of China in the transitional period.
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