In this article, the authors, based on materials from the State Archives of Israel, examine Israel’s approaches to the “problem of the Jews of the USSR” in the first years after a short break and restoration of diplomatic relations in 1953, the main reasons that influenced the actualization of the problem, its place in Israel's foreign policy and factors that Israel had to reckon with. After examining the documents, the authors of the article came to the conclusion that by 1956 the “problem of the Jews of the USSR” and their emigration to Israel had taken one of the central places in Israeli foreign policy. World public opinion was involved in solving the “problem”.
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