This article considers the essence of the state civil service as the basis for the professional development of public civil servants, and first of all, the main issue is the comparison of the state civil service with other types of services. Foreign experts consider this issue more widely, comparing the civil service with state and public authorities. As a rule, in Western countries, in addition to serving in the state apparatus, public service includes service in local governments, as well as state institutions and enterprises. However, the question of which categories of employees belong to the public service can be resolved in different ways. Unlike the Russian Federation, most countries are characterized by the lack of a definition of the term civil (state, public) service in national legislation. Studies of the civil service of European states targeted by public sector employment have shown how difficult it is to separate public sector workers and civil servants.
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