The article is the first political biography of boyar I.M. Miloslavskiy, a prominent court figure in Russia in the last quarter of the 17th century. The article gives a comprehensive assessment of the activity of the boyar based on an array of narrative and documentary sources, reveals the degree of his influence on the course of the struggle for power in Russia at the turning point in the establishment of the dual tsardom, identifies the methods used by I.M. Miloslavskiy during the political struggle. A special place in the article is given to the rivalry of I.M. Miloslavskiy and Prince V.V. Golitsyn, which actually led to a split in the Miloslavskiy group.
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