The article presents a meta-analysis of scientific literature on the problem of proactive human behavior in the workplace (job crafting). It was established that the semantically similar concepts of proactive behavior and job crafting were defined by researchers on different methodological grounds, which made it difficult to correctly operationalize and use them in intervention programs. As a result, the author's definition of the phenomenon being studied in the context of the activity approach is proposed. The construct of proactivity as the orientation of the subject of activity seems to be the broadest in the bunch of concepts. It is substantiated that the exact synonyms in the logical series are proactive work design and job crafting. Such substantive criteria of job crafting as determination, constructive creativity, and independence have been clarified. Various typologies of proactive behavior are considered and the author's classification is proposed based on substantive criteria and areas of job crafting. The criterion of purposefulness in combination with the ethical side of activity (as the basis of cognitive crafting) gives grounds to distinguish types of proactive workbehavior as aimed at the implementation of personal, group, organizational or universal values. The criterion of constructive creativity makes it possible to grade the degree of originality of the changes made and to separate innovative or reproductive actions (in task crafting). The criterion of independence allows us to differentiate proactive actions according to the degree of independence from the social context (in the crafting of relationships). All this, together with taking into account the constructive and destructive consequences of proactivity, formed the basis for modeling the mechanisms of job crafting at the subject level and six new concepts: existential and destructive crafting, supportive and dependent crafting, professional and exhausting crafting.
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