The creation of an effectively functioning system of training highly qualified researchers for science-intensive sectors of the economy and the intellectual services sector is today one of the priority government tasks. Abroad, this task is solved through professional doctoral programs focused on the real sector of the economy. However, our country currently has virtually no postgraduate programs aimed at targeted training of personnel for the non-academic labor market. The purpose of this study is to systematize the Soviet experience of organizing postgraduate education in order to identify the organizational mechanisms and successful practices that allowed "customize" postgraduate education to train scientific personnel in the interests of industrial enterprises. Based on the study of regulatory documents and scientific literature, numerous changes and improvements in the rules of functioning of the postgraduate institute in the USSR which were determined by the need to staff of priority government projects and tasks in the field of industrial and technological development, were analyzed. The elements of the Soviet experience of postgraduate training that can be in demand today when organizing postgraduate programs based on the interaction between universities and industry have been identified.
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