The purpose of the presented article is to provide an overview of the activities in the 1940s using archival materials from the Nizhny Novgorod (Gorky) region. large objects of children's social infrastructure and their role in the fight against child neglect. These include, in particular, the central Palace of Pioneers named after. V.P. Chkalova, Children's Railway, Children's Technical Stations, Agricultural Experimental (aka Yunnatnaya) Station. The text reflects the struggle throughout the second half of the 1940s. for the opening of the Children's Water Technical Station in Gorky. In working on the article, comparative historical, problem-chronological, ideographic methods, and the method of historical reconstruction were used.Conclusions: Throughout the difficult 1940s, including the war period from 1943, large-scale work was carried out to combat child homelessness and neglect, and, undoubtedly, children's infrastructure played an important role in this process. By organizing extracurricular activities for the children, they performed educational, educational, leisure, and career guidance functions. It is difficult to overestimate their role during and after the Great Patriotic War, when the problem of child orphanhood and neglect became one of the most pressing state problems. The presented picture is revealed in archival materials of the Gorky region, but it is typical for the country as a whole during the period under review. The experience of working in out-of-school children's institutions is undoubtedly interesting and relevant today.
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