The presented article examines one of the relevant legal categories «criminal policy», traces the evolution of scientific views on this phenomenon at various stages of the formation and development of Russian statehood (pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet periods), as well as in foreign legal doctrine, highlights characteristic features, essential and substantive features, and conducts research on various doctrinal points of view Their polysemy is revealed, a critical assessment is given, the author's definition is formulated and the signs are revealed.
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