The article examines phraseological units and proverbs in a literary text from the point of view of semantics, functions and reflection of Russian folk culture in them. The purpose of the article is to deduce the semantics and functions of phraseological units in the story «Poyarkov», dedicated to the life of county officials of the XIX century. The research revealed that phraseological units and proverbs predominate in the character's speech. According to semantics, five phraseological and semantic groups were identified: characteristics of a person and his psychological state; relationships between people; righteous and unrighteous actions performed by a person; a sign of action; assessment of a phenomenon, object, etc. It is established that phraseological units in the story perform the following functions: they enhance the meaning of what the narrator is telling, serve as a means of evaluating the behavior of the characters, which the narrator Poyarkov expresses as his opinion, in general, assessments both in the character's speech and in the author's speech, create a semantic gradation of that, what is said in the narrator's speech reinforces the contextual meaning, creates contextually conditioned semes, acts as a means of euphemizing the described phenomena, actions, etc.
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