Stolypin’s agrarian reform was designed to solve the «land issue» in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century and create a stratum of «strong», prosperous peasants. The purpose of the study is an attempt to assess the effectiveness of agrarian transformations in the countryside, which were initiated by the agrarian reform. The historiographical tradition of the issue is contradictory. Researchers evaluate the reform in different ways. Based on the materials of the All-Russian agricultural census of the population of two volosts of the Balakhninsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod province in 1917. A microanalysis of the condition of peasant farms was carried out using household cards, with an emphasis on the types and nature of land use, as well as on the extra-agricultural activities of peasants, which led to the conclusion that government measures aimed at improving the welfare of peasant farms and creating a layer of prosperous, “strong” farms were ineffective, which became one of the reasons for the revolution in Russia.
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