This article is devoted to the history of economic and demographic development of the northeastern Chinese city of Qiqihar during the era of the «reform and opening-up» policy of the PRC. In the course of applying historical-genetic and statistical scientific research methods, it was found that from 1978 to 2010 Qiqihar experienced restructuring of the national economy and modernization transformations. Difficult times in the economic development of Qiqihar began already in the 1990s, when the destruction of the planned economy led to a decline and recession in the industrial sector of the city. Since 2003, a new stage in the development of Qiqihar began, associated with the implementation of the national strategy for the revival of the old northeastern industrial base of the PRC. Between 2003 and 2010, Qiqihar became an important industrial, commercial, grain and livestock center of Heilongjiang Province, which also had a positive impact on the city's demographic situation.
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