Based on the analysis of socio-historical causes for the revival of public attention to fundamental reasons of so- cial existence and development, the author argues that in the field of contemporary philosophy and science a demand is forming for a new ontological view of the world. Research in the field of «big history» and memory studies are both the manifestations of this demand and the attempts to satisfy it. An analysis of research performed by various authors in these areas shows that they provide new theoretical and methodological resources, which can be used for creating a new ontological picture of the world based on the recognition of the fundamental role of historical memory in creating the reality. The author gives a sketch of the principles of the new ontology, and in light of this approach offers a new understanding of the beginning and of the global evolution of the Universe.
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