The paper deals with the specifics of epistemological uncertainty in the scientific and mythological rationality. We provide the reasons for building a «positive model» of uncertainty, which is seen not as a negative condition hampering knowledge, but rather as a procedural characteristic and an active form of the developing knowledge. At the initial stages of the problem generation, it is represented as a cognitive situation, which is characterized by poly- semy of the «primary model» of the knowledge being identified.
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