The paper describes the current state of the problem and the original studies in the field of thermodynamics and kinetics of first-order phase transitions in multicomponent systems with reference to the problems of mechanics of deformable solids. The microscopic kinetic theory of initial stages of failure of fragile solids is presented. Results of the latest theoretical and experimental studies on the growth of low-defect single-crystal films on substrates are given for the case of big mismatch parameter of the film and a substrate. Possible ways of avoiding high elastic stresses arising when growing such films are described, and the development of a new method of growing low-defective structures is presented.
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