This article analyzes the views of N.I. Kareev (1850-1931), a prominent Russian scientist and humanist, regard- ing political power and its organization in ancient societies. In his work, N.I. Kareev anticipated the development of world history and political thought of the 20th and 21st centuries. We show the heuristic potential of structural- functional, comparative-historical and typological methods applied by N.I. Kareyev to the study of the monarchies of the ancient Orient (Egypt, Assyria, Persia, etc.) and of the Hellenistic and Roman worlds. Using these methods, the historian has revealed the originality of the forms of statehood in the ancient Orient, offered his views on the nature of Alexander the Great's monarchy, traced the impact of the «Hellenic-Oriental» element on the creation of the universal Roman monarchy and on the genesis of the imperial power.
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