We examine the history of the concept of «paradox» in order to reveal its complex and multi-disciplinary nature. It is suggested that the difficulty of defining the concept of «paradox» is related to its fundamental cognitive nature, which is realized in different ways in various spheres of human endeavor. In literature, the paradox is actualized in the times of transition, in the works of authors who express innovative ideas that break with dogma and tradition. The concept of «paradox» is closely connected with the notion of «common sense», which is often the mainstay of superficial judgments of the outgoing culture that does not accept innovation.
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