The article describes how the problem of church-state relations in ancient Russia developed as a subject of special interest to historians of law in the post-reform period. We identify the characteristics of the educational, scientific and historiographical situations in the 1860s-1870s that contributed to the formulation of this problem in the subject field of the historical and legal science. Some features of the methodological arsenal and the approaches to its study during this period and in this aspect are characterized, the key discussion points are identified. We also show the vector of the subsequent development of the topic in the pre-revolutionary historical and legal thought.
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