This paper investigates some historical premises and characteristics of the federal system of the modern Russian state. The author argues that Russia's federal form, unlike federalism at the level of the Soviet Union, did not have a sufficient historical basis. RSFSR was a rather formal federation; in fact, it has never existed as such in reality, which, however, was denied by the official policy during the Soviet period. According to the author, the choice of the federal form was due to a multi-ethnic composition of modern Russia, its role as a successor state of the Soviet Union, and the vastness of Russia's territory covering a large part of the Eurasian continent.
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