Based on the example of a historical text, this paper examines the ways of phonetic, morphological, syntactic and lexical changes and how they contributed to the enrichment of the Tajik and Persian languages. The authour attempts to analyze the semantic transformation of lexical units of the Tajik and Persian in one of the oldest manuscripts of the medical literature of the 11th-12th centuries «Zakhere Kharazmshahi». The lexical units of this book are considered from the perspective of their semantic preservation in the modern Tajik and Persian languages and their semantic transformation when some new meanings were added to the old ones. We also examine the cases when certain words were or were not used in their old meaning, when they acquired a new meaning or completely disappeared in the modern Tajik and Persian languages.
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