The article addresses the problem of the Soviet economic reforms in Western Belarus joined to the USSR in the au-tumn of 1939. A detailed analysis is presented of the methods for implementing this policy and of its consequences. The author also focuses on the history of Jewish population in Western Belarus at that time, because the Jews have been the major participants in the economic life of the region for a long time. On the basis of the materials used in the article, the author reaches the conclusion that economic problems had a significant impact on the Sovietization of the entire population of the former Polish territories and local Jews in particular.
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