The article considers the adverbial clauses of unreal comparison and past participle clauses of hypothetical comparison in the German language in terms of presence of the synonymous relationships between them. It is noted that the system of multi-level forms of comparison formed in the course of historical development and the differentiation of these means according to their semantic-functional potential reflect the result of cognitive operations in the linguistic world-image, aimed at the establishment of various types of associations for the purpose of qualitative (qualitative-evaluative) characterization of objects. The syntactic associative frame occupies a special place in this context. The meaning of unreal vs hypothetical character, which is conventionally attached to the analysed units, acts as their essential distinctive feature by which they are opposed to the semantic and functional terms. The author comes to the conclusion that the analysed units which partially preserve semantic unity are speech (functionally determined) synonyms.
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