In this article, we consider the little-studied issue of taking the oath of allegiance to Tsar Alexey Mikhailovich by the Jews of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the Russian-Polish war of 1654-1667. The study is based on archival documents of the mid-17th century, primarily on the materials of the Smolensk chancellery. It follows from the documents that the oath of allegiance taken by the Jews was not accompanied by a change in their religion and the adoption of Christianity. The appendix of the article contains some fragments of manuscript books with lists of the Jews who have sworn allegiance to the Russian Tsar.
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